The revelation came in response to a request for information by the Los Angeles Times, which reported that an unidentified actress had tested positive last week.

The adult film industry had said it was the first case since the 2004 outbreak, the Times reported.

In fact 22 performers have tested positive, including last week's case and five in 2004, according to the numbers released by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.

Since the 2004 outbreak, in which a male star infected three actresses and another performer also tested positive, the $12-billion-a-year U.S. adult film industry has required regular testing by porn actors.

Most of that testing is conducted by the Adult Industry Medical Healthcare Foundation, which issues work certificates to the performers who test negative.

The unnamed actress first tested positive for HIV on June 4 and worked the following day before taking second and third tests, according to the Times.

The second test was also positive and results of the third were pending, according to AIM Healthcare.

"AIM Healthcare has never been cooperative with us and our investigations," Dean Fryer, a spokesman for the state Division of Occupational Safety and Health, told the paper, adding that the clinic had refused to name the actress or her employer.

In a statement on its website, AIM Healthcare said it was still awaiting "final confirmation" that the actress was positive for HIV.

The porn industry, which is largely centered in the San Fernando Valley suburbs of Los Angeles, includes about 200 production companies that employ about 1,200 actors, the Times said.

Since 2004, 1,357 porn performers have tested positive for gonorrhea and 15 for syphilis, according to county health data cited by the Times

See Latest HIV-in-Porn-Panic: Rumor Control Central Re-Opens for Business.

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HIV Among Porn Actors in 2004

Reuters, 9/22/05 - Investigators at the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services recently became aware of four cases of HIV infection related to work in the adult film industry. The infections occurred despite a widely adopted voluntary program of HIV and STD testing in the industry.

As reported in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, the first identified case was a 40-year-old man who tested HIV-negative on February 12 and March 17, 2004, but tested positive on April 9.

Dr. H. Rotblatt, with the Los Angeles Department of Public Health, and colleagues report that, on April 20, the LA County Department of Health Services started an investigation to identify HIV transmission from this case.

During the time between his two negative tests, the patient had engaged in unprotected sex while producing a film in Brazil. After returning to California he engaged in unprotected sex with 13 female partners, three of whom tested HIV-positive in April and May after negative tests results were obtained one month previously.

HIV strains obtained from the four patients and sequenced by the CDC showed that they were all identical, supporting the conclusion that the male patient was the source of the HIV infection.

In September, the California Department of industrial Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health, cited employers of the workers for failing to comply with the state's bloodborne disease standard, failing to report a serious work-related illness, and failing to prepare and follow a written occupational injury and illness prevention program.

MMWR editors comment that in Los Angeles County there are approximately 200 production companies employing 1200 workers who engage in direct work-related sexual contact, which is often prolonged and performed without condom use.

"In addition to the testing program being inadequate as the sole source of protection from HIV transmission, the costs of testing are typically borne by the workers themselves," the authors note. "The cost burden of health services could cause some workers to reduce the range and frequency of HIV and STD screening or to avoid or delay pursuing vaccination for hepatitis B virus."

They conclude that "workers in this industry need to be made aware of the risks associated with participation in various acts, to be able to participate in decision-making about their health and safety at work, and to benefit from prevention practices."

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